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目的探讨新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病脑脊液中神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平的变化及其临床意义，方法新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病（ＮＨＩＥ）患儿４７例，轻、中、重度分别为８、２５、１４例，选择无窒息史、无神经系统疾病的新生儿１０例为对照组。出生后２～４天抽取患儿及对照组脑脊液，用双抗体夹心酶联免疫法测定脑脊液中神经元特异性烯酸化酶（ＮＳＥ），并对测定结果进行统计学分析。结果对照组及轻、中、重度ＮＨＩＥ患儿脑脊液中ＮＳＥ水平分别为１０．１９６±３．２３７μｇ／Ｌ，１３．９４２±４．６７３μｇ／Ｌ，４５．６５８±１４．５４６μｇ／Ｌ，１０５．５１５±３９．６５２μｇ／Ｌ。对照组与轻度ＮＨＩＥ比较，差异不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），与中、重度ＮＨＩＥ，比较差异极为显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。轻度与中、重度ＮＨＩＥ及中度与重度ＮＨＩＥ比较有极显著性差异（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论脑脊液中ＮＳＥ含量与ＮＨＩＥ患儿脑损伤的程度有关，随着ＮＨＩＥ患儿脑损伤程度的加重，其脑脊液中ＮＳＥ含量逐渐升高。因此，脑脊液中ＮＳＥ含量可作为早期判断ＮＨＩＥ脑损伤程度的生化指标。
Objective To investigate the changes of cerebrospinal fluid neuron-specific enolase levels in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and its clinical significance. Methods Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) in 47 children, mild, moderate and severe 8,25,14 cases, select no history of asphyxia, no neurological disease in 10 newborns as a control group. Cerebrospinal fluid of children and controls were collected 2-4 days after birth, and neuron specific enolase (NSE) in cerebrospinal fluid was determined by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed on the results. Results The levels of NSE in control group, mild, moderate and severe NHIE children were 10.196 ± 3.237μg / L, 13.942 ± 4.673μg / L and 45.658 ± 14.546μg / L, respectively. 515 ± 39.652 μg / L. The difference between the control group and mild NHIE was not significant (P> 0.05), but significant difference with moderate and severe NHIE (P <0.01). Mild and moderate, severe NHIE and moderate and severe NHIE have very significant difference (P <0.01). Conclusions The NSE level in cerebrospinal fluid is related to the degree of brain injury in children with NHIE. The NSE level in cerebrospinal fluid gradually increases with the increase of brain injury in NHIE children. Therefore, the NSE content in cerebrospinal fluid can be used as a biochemical indicator to determine the extent of NHIE brain damage in the early stage.