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目的：了解南阳市地区感染结核分支杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis，MTB）的结核病耐药情况，为结核病防治策略制定提供依据。方法对2008年9月-2012年9月期间在南阳市传染病医院就诊的肺结核患者的866株临床分离株进行菌型鉴定后，用罗氏培养基进行药物敏感试验，回顾性分析结核病患者的耐药情况。结果866株结核分枝杆菌中，结核耐药菌株共332例，耐药发生率总体为38.34%（332/866），耐多药（MDR-TB）率为11.55%（100/866）。结论南阳市传染病医院发现的耐药性结核较重,应及时发现并加以管理，尽早给予方案合理的抗结核治疗，以期改变本地区严峻的耐药结核病形势。“,”Objective To understand Nanyang City area of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection (Mycobacterium tuberculosis, MTB) TB drug resistance, and provide the basis for tuberculosis prevention and control strategy. Methods 2008 September - 2012 September during identification in the clinic of Nanyang city hospital for infectious diseases of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis from 866 clinical isolates, the drug sensitivity test was performed using the Roche medium, a retrospective analysis of drug resistance of tuberculosis patients. Results 866 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant strains of tuberculosis, a total of 332 cases, the resistance rate was 38.34% overal (332/866), multidrug resistance (MDR-TB) rate was 11.55% (100/866). Conclusion tuberculosis drug resistance in Nanyang infectious diseases hospital found that the heavier, should be timely discovered and management as soon as possible, give reasonable scheme of anti-tuberculosis treatment, in order to change the local severe drug-resistant TB situation.