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生态效率作为测度可持续发展的重要手段和实施可持续发展的必经步骤,已逐步演变成为各国政府践行《21世纪议程》的首选政策理念和管理哲学。尽管不同组织或个人对生态效率概念的界定存在差异,但本质思想却高度一致:即在价值最大化的同时,将资源消耗、污染和废弃物排放最小化。通过对生态效率概念和发展过程的回顾,阐述了生态效率在可持续发展评估和量化中的作用,系统总结了现有生态效率的计算方法,及其在企业、行业及区域(国家)等不同尺度上的应用。
As an important measure to measure sustainable development and an essential step in implementing sustainable development, eco-efficiency has gradually evolved into a preferred policy concept and management philosophy for governments to implement Agenda 21. Although different organizations or individuals have different definitions of the concept of eco-efficiency, the essential idea is highly consistent: minimizing resource consumption, pollution and waste emissions while maximizing value. Through the review of the concept and process of eco-efficiency, the role of eco-efficiency in the assessment and quantification of sustainable development is expounded. The existing methods for calculating eco-efficiency are systematically summarized, and their differences in enterprises, industries and regions (countries) Application on the scale.