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总统问题是民国政治史上一个重要问题,从1912年中华民国成立到1928年北洋政府灭亡,先后任总统的为孙中山、袁世凯、黎元洪、冯国璋、徐世昌、曹锟。每届总统的选举都引起军阀派系之间的激烈地斗争。除了总统外,还设有副总统一人,以便总统缺位时由副总统继任,或是总统因故不能执行职务时,由副总统代理。1913年,袁世凯公布的《大总统选举法》第七条规定:“副总统之选举,依选举大总统之规定,与大总统选举同时行之。”(1)民国前三位总统都有副总统,冯同璋之后无副总统、1924年,贿赂总统曹锟下台后,北洋政府出现了更奇怪的现象,竟然连名义上的总统也没有了。本文通过对当时形势和政情的分析,对北洋军阀时期副总统、总统缺位问题作一次探讨。
The presidential question is an important issue in the political history of the Republic of China. From the founding of the ROC in 1912 to the fall of the Beiyang government in 1928, the president of the Republic of China successively headed Sun Yat-sen, Yuan Shikai, Li Yuanhong, Feng Guozhang, Xu Shichang and Cao Kun. Each presidential election has provoked a fierce battle between warlord factions. In addition to the president, there is a vice-president who is to be appointed by the vice president when the president is left vacant or vice presidents when the president is unable to perform his duties for any reason. In 1913, Article VII of the “Grand Presidential Election Law” promulgated by Yuan Shikai stipulated: “The election of vice presidents shall be conducted in line with the presidential election according to the election of the president.” (1) The first three presidents of the Republic of China all have deputy After the president, Feng Tongzhang without the vice president, in 1924, bribing President Cao Kun to step down, the Beiyang government appeared even more strange phenomenon, even the name of the president was gone. Based on the analysis of the current situation and political conditions, this article explores the absence of vice presidents and presidents during the period of the Beiyang warlords.