我国自然保护区的面积覆盖率已经超过了世界平均水平,但生物多样性保护的压力越来越大,其中主要原因之一是保护管理的有效性低。自然保护区管理对象异于其他地区,是以自然生态系统/野生动植物种群为主要保护对象,管理有效性评价应从种群安全、自然保育、社区和谐3个目标层次的实现程度进行考量,评价体系设计重点应把握管理基础、机制、决策、实施、监督5个管理的关键环节,并提出了包括16个评估因素44个评估指标的设计方案。评价方案选择1 394个国家级和地方自然保护区进行应用,取得了初步成果。 The area coverage of nature reserves in China has exceeded the world average, but the pressure on biodiversity conservation is increasing. One of the main reasons for this is the low effectiveness of protection and management. The management objects of nature reserves are different from other regions and are mainly protected by the natural ecosystem / wildlife population. The evaluation of management effectiveness should be based on the achievement level of the three target levels of population safety, nature conservation and community harmony, and the evaluation system The design focus should grasp the key links of the five management bases, mechanisms, decision-making, implementation and supervision, and put forward the design scheme including 44 evaluation indexes of 16 evaluation factors. The evaluation plan selected 1 394 national and local nature reserves for application and achieved initial results.