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唐振常先生在《可比与不可比》一文(载《读书》一九九五年第四期)中,援引陈寅恪先生提出的文化比较原则,认为“以‘历史演变及系统异同之观念’去看”,京沪两地的文化精神“具有不可比性”。拙见以为,这是把不可通约同不可比相混淆了。“不可通约性”原本是美国科学哲学家T·库恩提出的。库恩认为不同的理论是不可通约的(即不可翻译、无法找到共同的逻辑预设等等),但却是可比较的。否则,科学革命中人们对理论的取舍就将丧失可能。库恩的观点有启发意义。 所谓比较,无非是相互参照之意。文化比较的目的正在于借此以增加彼此的自我意识而已。一切自然或人文现象不都是通过比较来显现自身并获得独特规定的吗?在这个意义上,即使“古今中外,人天龙鬼,无一不可取以相较”(陈寅恪先
In his article “Comparable and Unparalleled,” Mr. Tang Zhen-chang quoted the principle of cultural comparison proposed by Mr. Chen Yin-ke in his article entitled “The Book of Reading” (No. 4 of 1995) that “taking” the historical evolution and the concept of system similarities and differences “ The cultural spirit between Beijing and Shanghai is ”incomparable.“ My humble opinion that this is to be incompatible with the general incomparable to be confused. ”Incommensurability“ was originally proposed by T. Kuhn, the American philosopher of science. Kuhn argues that different theories are incommensurable (that is, untranslatable, unable to find common logical presuppositions, etc.) but are comparable. Otherwise, people will lose their choice of theory in the scientific revolution. Kuhn’s point inspired. The so-called comparison is nothing more than cross-reference. The purpose of cultural comparisons is to increase self-awareness among themselves. Do not all natural or human phenomena manifest themselves and obtain unique stipulations by comparison? In this sense, even if ”people of all ages, ancient and modern, people are deserved to be compared" (Chen Yinke first