《承德府志·列女传》所载诸女按其事迹,主要可分为贞女、孝女、孝妇、节妇、烈女、烈妇、贤妇七类。其中节妇、烈妇最多,这是入传的首要因素,而八旗女性较之非八旗女性入传及受旌表的机会更大。节妇一般自然死亡,守节时间长;烈妇、烈女非正常死亡,寿命短;孝妇(女)、贤妇以多种方式侍亲,有时甚至采取极端方式。究其原因,这既与清朝政府的政策、法律的规定、经济、抚孤等影响因素有关,又与贞节观念的内化和女性的自我认同密不可分。除此之外,这还反映出当时社会对女性性别角色的期待与定位。 According to their deeds, the women included in Chengde Biography of Epoch and Epitaph can be divided into seven categories: virgin, filial piety, filial piety, section woman, heroine, martyr, and sage. Among them, the festival women and the most violent women took the lead, which was the most important factor in the transmission. However, the women in Banner Banner were more likely to pass on and receive the banners than non-Banner Women. Women are generally natural death, keep for a long time; martyr, martyr abnormal death, short life expectancy; filial piety (female), sisters in a variety of ways to paternity, and sometimes even take the extreme way. The reason is not only related to the Qing government’s policies, laws and regulations, economy, Fuso and other influencing factors, but also with the internalization of the concept of chastity and women’s self-identity are inseparable. In addition, this also reflects the society’s expectations and positioning of women’s gender roles.