Creating typical character by describing typical environment is one of the useful skills both the Chinese and western writers employ. Lu Xun,t he great writer in China and Charles Dickens,the outstanding realistic writer in Britain both are good at grasping the relationship between typical environment and character. In their respective masterpiece Medicine and the Signal-Man,by describing the natural environment and the social environment in which the main protagonists live,they vividly create the unique thought and artistic personality of the typical characters the signal-man and the Hua Laoshuan’s family. This paper analyzes the relationship between the environment and the character in the Chinese and western literature in terms of the description of the natural environment,the social environment and the creation of the characters. Creating typical character by describing typical environment is one of the useful skills both the Chinese and western writers employ. Lu Xun, t he great writer in China and Charles Dickens, the outstanding realistic writer in Britain both are good at grasping the relationship between typical environments and character. In their respective masterpiece Medicine and the Signal-Man, by describing the natural environment and the social environment in which the main protagonists live, they vividly create the unique thought and artistic personality of the typical characters the signal-man and the Hua Laoshuan’s family. This paper analyzes the relationship between the environment and the character in the Chinese and western literature in terms of the description of the natural environment, the social environment and the creation of the characters.