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间作是一种优良的生态农业模式,但以水稻为主的水生作物间作研究很少.本试验以水稻和雍菜为研究对象,开展了连续两年(2014—2015年)四季的大田试验,研究水稻和雍菜间作条件下产量、种间关系以及水稻的硅、氮营养状况.试验共设置5个处理,包括水稻单作、雍菜单作、水稻-雍菜2∶2间作、3∶2间作、4∶2间作.结果表明:水稻和雍菜间作显著增加水稻的产量,其中2∶2间作、3∶2间作和4∶2间作在单位面积上的增产幅度分别为77.5%~120.6%、64.9%~80.9%、37.7%~56.0%,但间作显著降低了雍菜的产量.从土地当量比(LER)来看,水稻和雍菜间作可增加系统的综合产量,3种间作的LER全部大于1,其中3∶2间作模式最佳.从竞争指数来看,在间作系统中,水稻比雍菜有更强的竞争能力,特别是在早季.与水稻单作相比,水稻-雍菜间作显著增加水稻叶片对硅和氮的吸收量以及成熟期水稻叶片的硅含量,但是并没有增加水稻叶片的氮含量,甚至在成熟期略低于单作;而对土壤有效硅、铵态氮和硝态氮含量没有显著影响.在整个试验期间,与水稻单作和间作相比,雍菜单作始终有最高的土壤有效硅、铵态氮和硝态氮含量.本研究表明,水稻和雍菜间作可以促进水稻对硅和氮的吸收,增加水稻的竞争能力.
Intercropping is an excellent eco-agriculture model, but there are few studies on rice-based aquatic crop intercropping.In this experiment, rice and Yong-zai were selected as research objects to carry out field trials for four consecutive years (2014-2015) The yield and interspecific relationship and the silicon and nitrogen nutrition status of rice under the intercropping of rice and Yongzai were studied.The experiment included 5 treatments including rice single cropping, Yongma single cropping, rice-Yongmai 2’2 intercropping, 3: 2 Intercropping and intercropping 4: 2.The results showed that rice and Yongzai intercropping significantly increased the yield of rice, in which the yield increase of 2: 2 intercropping, 3: 2 intercropping and 4: 2 intercropping per unit area was 77.5% -120.6% , 64.9% -80.9% and 37.7% -56.0%, respectively, but the intercropping significantly reduced the yield of Yong-zai. From the point of land equivalent ratio (LER), the inter- All of them were more than 1, of which 3: 2 intercropping pattern was the best.From the competition index, in the intercropping system, rice had a stronger competitive ability than Yongcao, especially in the early season.Compared with single cropping rice, Yongmai intercropping significantly increased the uptake of silicon and nitrogen in rice leaves and the silicon in mature rice leaves But did not increase the nitrogen content of rice leaves even slightly lower than the single crop at maturity, but had no significant effect on the content of soil available silicon, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen.In the whole experiment, Compared with intercropping, the contents of silicon, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in soil were the highest in Yong single cropping.The results showed that rice and Yongmai could promote the absorption of silicon and nitrogen in rice and increase the competition ability of rice.