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本文在回顾并评析了现有几种改革思路存在缺陷的基础上,指出国企存在的主要问题可以归结为两个:国有资产流失和企业家活动激励不足。因此,就纯经济效率和最终目标而言,彻底的产权改革是最优的选择,但如果考虑到各种社会条件和发展阶段的约束,完全的产权私有化在现阶段并不可行。一种渐进的可行的次优策略——内部控制权分散是解决前述国企两大问题的一个替代选择。
On the basis of reviewing and commenting on the shortcomings of several existing reform ideas, this paper points out that the main problems existing in state-owned enterprises can be summed up as two: the loss of state-owned assets and the lack of motivation of entrepreneurs. Therefore, in the case of pure economic efficiency and ultimate goal, thorough property rights reform is the best choice, but full privatization of property rights is not feasible at this stage if we take into account the constraints of various social conditions and stages of development. A gradual and feasible suboptimal strategy - the decentralization of internal control is an alternative to the two major problems mentioned above for state-owned enterprises.