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目的分析乙型肝炎(乙肝)疫苗(Hepatitis B Vaccine,HepB)广泛使用后,乙肝病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)在不同时期、不同人群的携带情况,为乙肝的预防控制提供依据。方法以全市≤18岁人群为调查对象,采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测人群中HBsAg携带情况。结果2000年检测12 847人,HBsAg阳性1097例,阳性率8.54%;2006年检测102 699人,HBsAg阳性2399例,阳性率2.34%。随着2000年对全市1~18岁人群HepB查漏普种和世界银行贷款疾病控制项目计划免疫子项目HepB接种的实施,尤其是2002年HepB纳入免疫规划后,各个年龄段人群HepB接种率大幅度提高,经过6年时间≤18岁人群HBsAg阳性率下降72.59%,0~、4~、8~、12~、15~18岁人群HBsAg阳性率分别由2000年的3.76%、4.74%、5.59%、8.51%、12.58%下降到2006年的0.30%、1.39%2、.52%、3.03%、2.98%,各年龄段人群HBsAg阳性率下降非常显著。结论各年龄段人群中HBsAg阳性率的下降与HepB接种有直接关系,HepB对预防控制乙肝病毒感染效果明显,提示除做好新生儿HepB预防接种外,成人HepB接种应逐步加强。
Objective To analyze the prevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) in different populations after extensive use of Hepatitis B Vaccine (Hepatitis B Vaccine, HepB) for the prevention and control of hepatitis B (HBV). Methods The population of ≤18 years old in the whole city was investigated. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the population of HBsAg in the population. Results A total of 12 847 people were tested in 2000, 1097 HBsAg positive, the positive rate was 8.54%. In 2006, 102 699 people were tested, 2399 HBsAg positive, the positive rate was 2.34%. With the implementation of HepB vaccination program and HepB vaccination program of the planned disease sub-project of the World Bank Loan Disease Control Program in 2000 in Heilongjiang Province, the HepB vaccination program of the whole city aged from 1 to 18 years was carried out in 2000, especially after HepB was included in the immunization program in 2002, the HepB vaccination rate of all age groups was large The positive rates of HBsAg in 0 ~, 4 ~, 8 ~, 12 ~, 15 ~ 18 years old population decreased from 3.76%, 4.74%, 5.59 %, 8.51%, 12.58% to 0.30%, 1.39% 2, .52%, 3.03%, 2.98% in 2006. The decline of HBsAg positive rate in all age groups was very significant. Conclusions The decline of HBsAg positive rate among all age groups is directly related to HepB vaccination. HepB is effective in preventing and controlling hepatitis B virus infection, suggesting that adult HepB vaccination should be gradually strengthened in addition to the vaccination against neonatal HepB infection.