目的观察腹膜后巨淋巴结增殖症的治疗效果,探讨其临床表现、影像学特点、诊断、病理及治疗方法。方法 30岁女性患者1例,因反复腹泻、右上腹胀2个月余,发现右侧腹膜后肿物20 d,于2011年8月22日入院。患者在全麻下行腹膜后肿物切除术。手术3个月后,复查腹部CT、血常规、生化等检查。并结合文献进行综述。结果手术过程顺利,完整切除肿物,术后病理检查示病变为巨淋巴结增殖症,透明血管型。术后3个月患者门诊随访,恢复良好,复查腹部CT未见肿物复发,血常规、生化等检查均无异常。结论该病较为少见,病因尚不明确,确诊需依赖病理组织学活检,手术切除为首选治疗,且预后好。 Objective To observe the effect of treatment of proliferative hyper-retroperitoneal lymph nodes and to explore its clinical manifestations, imaging features, diagnosis, pathology and treatment. Methods A 30-year-old female patient was admitted to hospital on August 22, 2011 because of repeated diarrhea and right upper quadrant bloating for more than 2 months. The right retroperitoneal mass was found for 20 days. Patients underwent retroperitoneal tumor resection under general anesthesia. 3 months after surgery, review the abdomen CT, blood tests, biochemistry and other tests. Combined with the literature review. Results The operation was successful and the tumor was completely removed. Pathological examination showed that the pathological changes were giant lymph node hyperplasia and clear blood vessel type. Outpatients were followed up and recovered well 3 months after operation. There was no recurrence of CT in abdominal CT, no abnormalities were found in blood routine examination, biochemical examination and so on. Conclusion The disease is rare, the etiology is not clear, the diagnosis depends on histopathological biopsy, surgical excision is the preferred treatment, and the prognosis is good.