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目的探讨婴儿先天性心脏病(CHD)的临床特点,提高早期诊断率。方法研究对象为2006年1月至2007年6月安徽省蚌埠医学院第一附属医院儿科经彩色多普勒超声心动图(CFM)诊断为CHD的住院婴儿93例,按是否是新生儿分为2组:Ⅰ组:1h至28d(n=14),Ⅱ组:28d至1岁(n=79),对其临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果Ⅰ组CHD以复合畸形为主,共7例(7.5%),以房间隔缺损(ASD)合并室间隔缺损(VSD)最多见(2.2%)。Ⅱ组CHD以单纯畸形为主,共66例(71.0%),最常见的CHD类型为VSD(46.2%)。两组CHD类型构成比比较有统计学意义(P<0.05)。8例合并心脏外畸形(8.6%)。临床表现多样,在Ⅰ组尤其不典型,以呼吸急促、青紫、心脏杂音多见,易反复患肺炎,并发心力衰竭。结论婴儿CHD类型较多,临床表现复杂,对可疑的CHD婴儿应及时行超声心动图检查,早期诊断并制定恰当的治疗方案。
Objective To investigate the clinical features of infant congenital heart disease (CHD) and improve the early diagnosis rate. Methods From January 2006 to June 2007, 93 children hospitalized with CHD diagnosed by color Doppler echocardiography (CFM) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College of Anhui Province were divided into Group 2: Group Ⅰ: 1h to 28d (n = 14), Group Ⅱ: 28d to 1 year (n = 79). The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed. Results In group Ⅰ, the majority of CHDs were compound malformations (7 cases, 7.5%). Atrial septal defect (ASD) with ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common (2.2%). In group Ⅱ, the simple deformities of CHD were 66 cases (71.0%) and the most common type of CHD was VSD (46.2%). The proportions of CHD types in the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.05). Eight patients had extracardiac deformities (8.6%). Clinical manifestations of diversity, especially in group Ⅰ atypical, with shortness of breath, bruising, heart murmur common, easy to repeat pneumonia, complicated by heart failure. Conclusions Infants have more CHD types and complicated clinical manifestations. Echocardiography should be performed on suspicious CHD infants in time, and early diagnosis and proper treatment should be made.