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20世纪西方国家经济政策的主要范式经历了从传统自由主义到凯恩斯主义再到新自由主义的转变,这是两次180°的转变,即从偏右转到偏左再转到偏右。这样一种转变背后的逻辑是:新、老自由主义与凯恩斯主义是两种对立的经济主张,各有优点和局限性。凯恩斯主义的缺点即是自由主义经济学的优点,反之亦然。这两种经济主张很难结合起来,因为其本质是对立的。故而,当自由主义经济学符合某一时期经济发展的客观要求时便会兴盛,但随着自由主义经济政策得到长期推行,其缺点也会暴露出来,进而造成经济问题。要克服自由主义经济政策带来的问题和弊端,政府必须采用与自由主义经济学相反的经济主张,凯恩斯主义经济学恰好能够克服此类问题。而在凯恩斯主义经济学兴起之后,其缺点也会暴露出来,发展到一定程度之后又必然要求用自由主义经济政策来克服凯恩斯主义经济政策引发的经济问题,这也正是20世纪西方国家经济政策嬗变的深层逻辑。
The main paradigm of economic policy in Western countries in the 20th century has undergone a shift from traditional liberalism to Keynesianism to neo-liberalism. This is a two-fold shift of 180 ° from right-hand to left-hand to right-hand. The logic behind such a shift is that new and old liberalism and Keynesianism are two opposing economic propositions, each with its own advantages and limitations. Keynesian shortcomings are the advantages of liberal economics, and vice versa. It is hard to combine these two economic arguments because their essence is antithetical. Therefore, when liberal economics meets the objective requirements of economic development in a certain period, it will prosper. However, with the long-term implementation of liberal economic policies, its shortcomings will be exposed and economic problems will arise. To overcome the problems and shortcomings brought about by liberal economic policies, the government must adopt the economic view opposite to that of liberal economics, and just as Keynesian economics can overcome such problems. However, after the rise of Keynesian economics, its shortcomings will also be exposed. To a certain extent, it will inevitably require the use of liberal economic policies to overcome the economic problems caused by Keynesian economic policies. This is precisely the economic policy of Western countries in the 20th century. Evolution of the deep logic.