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分子研究已经成为生物和临床医学研究不可缺少的部分,对疾病的分子和遗传机制研究的深化促进了对疾病发生机制的认识,并为疾病的诊断、治疗及预防提供了新的启示。人类疾病按分子机制可分为单基因性、复合基因性及获得性基因疾病。基因治疗据此可分为4种:基因替代、基因增强、基因阻断和基因疫苗。目前基因治疗在多方面取得了显著进展,但其靶向性和安全性在用于临床治疗前尚待进一步研究。胃肠道和肝脏疾病的分子诊断将来会成为处理病人的一部分,并完善现有诊断、治疗及预防策略。
Molecular research has become an indispensable part of biological and clinical research. The deepening of molecular and genetic mechanisms of disease has promoted the understanding of the mechanism of disease and provided new revelations for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of diseases. Human diseases can be divided into single gene, complex gene and acquired gene diseases by molecular mechanism. Gene therapy can be divided into four kinds: gene replacement, gene enhancement, gene block and gene vaccine. At present, gene therapy has made remarkable progress in many aspects, but its targeting and safety needs further study before clinical treatment. Molecular diagnostics of gastrointestinal and liver diseases will become part of the treatment of patients in the future and will refine existing diagnosis, treatment and prevention strategies.