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为探寻成年雌雄银杏形态学差异,调查了成年银杏雌雄株花芽发育形态,短、长枝叶片形态指标,春、秋季叶片叶绿素质量比的变化以及气孔密度的表观特征.结果表明:银杏雌花芽呈尖锐圆锥形,雄花芽呈饱满半球形;同性别银杏单株间形态特征差异不显著,具有相对稳定性;雌株短枝、长枝叶片叶长、叶宽、叶基夹角、叶面积和叶形指数都分别显著小于雄株对应枝条上相应叶片形态特征,而叶柄显著大于雄株叶柄;春季,雌株短枝、长枝叶片叶绿素质量比分别高于雄株17.48%,31.03%;秋季,雌株短枝、长枝叶片叶绿素质量比分别低于雄株6.25%,21.82%;春季雌株较雄株浓绿,秋季雄株较雌株晚黄;雌株短枝、长枝叶片的气孔密度都分别显著高于雄株相应的短枝、长枝上的叶片气孔密度.研究结果证明:银杏叶片表观特征与性别分化关联密切;非花果期鉴定成年银杏性别,可依据花芽形态特征、银杏叶片叶色、叶绿素质量比、气孔密度的差异来初步鉴别.
In order to explore the morphological differences between male and female Ginkgo biloba, the morphological changes of flower buds, the morphological indexes of short and long branches, the chlorophyll-mass ratio of leaves in spring and autumn, and the stomata density were investigated. The results showed that: There was a sharp conical shape, the male flower buds were full hemispherical; ginkgo morphological characteristics of the same sex was not significantly different, with the relative stability; female short branches, long branches leaf length, leaf width, leaf angle, leaf area And leaf index were significantly less than the corresponding leaves morphological characteristics of the corresponding branches of male plants, and the petiole was significantly larger than the male petiole; in spring, the chlorophyll mass ratio of the short branches and long branches of the female plants were higher than the male plants by 17.48% and 31.03% The chlorophyll contents of short and long branches of female plants were 6.25% and 21.82% lower than those of male plants respectively. The male plants were darker than the male plants in spring, The results showed that the apparent characteristics of Ginkgo biloba leaves were closely related to sex differentiation. The identification of adult gingko gender in non-fruiting stage could be based on the flower buds Morphology, ginkgo leaf color, chlorophyll quality ratio, stomatal density difference to initially identify.