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由于电离辐射引起人体机能损伤而形成的全身性疾病称为放射病,这种放射病有的因外照射(射线在体外对机体的辐射)引起,有的因内照射(即侵入体内的放射性物质)引起。根据接受照射时间的长短和照射剂量的大小,又可分为慢性放射病与急性放射病两种。长期接受小剂量照射形成的慢性放射病一般因造血机能与消化机能受到损伤,表现为长期血液中白血球下降,机体抵抗力减弱,感到乏力不适,食欲不振等;急性放射病一般因损伤较深较广,代谢机能紊乱,机体失去免疫能力,白血球急剧减少,引起严重感染,呕吐、腹泻,重者最后导致内出血而死亡。对于放射病的防治必须采取综合性措施,逐步修复各种代谢机能,增强免疫力,以达到防治目的。
The systemic diseases caused by the damage of human body caused by ionizing radiation are called radiation sickness. Some of these radiological diseases are caused by external radiation (the radiation of the radiation on the body in vitro), and some are caused by the internal irradiation (that is, the radioactive substances invaded into the body) . According to the length of exposure to irradiation and the size of radiation dose, can be divided into two chronic radiation sickness and acute radiation sickness. Chronic radiation sickness caused by long-term exposure to small doses of radiation is generally impaired by hematopoietic function and digestive function, manifested as long-term blood leukocyte drop, body resistance weakened, feeling of fatigue discomfort, loss of appetite, etc .; acute radiation sickness due to injury is generally deeper, Metabolic dysfunction, the body loses immunity, a sharp reduction in white blood cells, causing severe infections, vomiting, diarrhea, severe cases eventually lead to internal bleeding and death. Prevention and treatment of radiation sickness must take comprehensive measures to gradually repair a variety of metabolic functions and enhance immunity in order to achieve the purpose of prevention and treatment.