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80年代以来跨国公司大幅持续增长及其原因80年代,由于世界经济增长速度放慢、某些不稳定因素的增长(如汇率和利率)、贸易保护主义的抬头、发展中国家出现持续的长期债务危机等原因,使国际贸易和其他国际经济交往发展缓慢。但是,世界跨国公司的发展却一枝独秀。其对外直接投资额持续大幅增长。据统计从1986年到1987年,世界跨国公司投资额从5190亿美元增加到10234亿美元,平均年增长率高达1O.2%。与此相对照,在此期间,世界国民生产总值从143000亿美元增加到171000亿美元,平均年增长率为2.6%;世界商品出口总额从19980亿美元增加到24580亿美元,平均年增长率为3%。这就是说,在此期间,跨国公司直接投资存量增长率远比同期各国经济增长率和世界出口额增长率高。随着增长速度加快,跨国公司对世界经济的影响日益突出。据联合国跨国公司中心最新通报,1988年、1989年其直接投资额分别为1613亿美元和1961亿美元,总存量已达近15000亿美元。按联合国跨国公司中心估算,每一美元对外直接投资额可创造营业额3.8美元。据此,世界跨国公司的同外营业额总额共达57000亿美元,比1990年世界出口总额34700亿美元要高2/3。为什么80年代以来跨国公司会有如此迅猛的发展呢?据我近几年的跟踪研究。大体有以下四个主要
Multinational corporations have continued to grow substantially since the 1980s and their causes In the 1980s, due to the slowdown in world economic growth, the growth of certain destabilizing factors (such as exchange rates and interest rates), the rise of trade protectionism, and the emergence of persistent long-term debt in developing countries. Crises and other reasons have slowed the development of international trade and other international economic exchanges. However, the development of multinational corporations in the world is unique. Its foreign direct investment has continued to increase substantially. According to statistics, from 1986 to 1987, the total investment of multinational corporations in the world increased from 519 billion U.S. dollars to 1.0234 trillion U.S. dollars, and the average annual growth rate was as high as 10.2%. In contrast, during this period, the world’s GNP increased from US$1.430 trillion to US$1.7 trillion, with an average annual growth rate of 2.6%; the total world merchandise exports increased from US$1998 billion to US$2.458 billion, with an average annual growth rate. It is 3%. This means that during this period, the growth rate of direct investment stocks of multinational corporations is far higher than the growth rate of the economic growth rate of various countries and world exports. With the acceleration of growth, the influence of transnational corporations on the world economy has become increasingly prominent. According to the latest report of the United Nations Center for Transnational Corporations, its direct investment in 1988 and 1989 was 161.3 billion U.S. dollars and 196.1 billion U.S. dollars, respectively, and the total stock has reached nearly 1.5 trillion U.S. dollars. According to estimates by the United Nations Center for Transnational Corporations, the amount of foreign direct investment per US dollar can create a turnover of 3.8 US dollars. According to this, the total volume of foreign and domestic transnational corporations totaled 5.7 trillion U.S. dollars, which is two-thirds more than the world’s total export volume of 340 billion U.S. dollars in 1990. Why have multinational companies developed so rapidly since the 1980s? According to my follow-up research in recent years. There are roughly the following four major