明朝人生活在一个社会转型时期 ,尤其是明代中期以后的社会 ,是以极具变化为其特征的。若将其置诸“社会流动”与“都市化”等范畴下进行考察 ,其时代的特殊性就更容易显现出来。换言之 ,晚明社会是一个转变过程 ,举凡人口的持续增长 ,经济的货币化和多样化 (诸如农村的商业化 The Ming Dynasty lived in a period of social transition, especially after the mid-Ming Dynasty, characterized by its great change. If we examine them under the category of “social mobility” and “urbanization,” the particularity of the time will be more easily revealed. In other words, the late Ming society was a process of transformation that saw the continued growth of the population, the monetization and diversification of the economy (such as the commercialization of rural areas