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应急设施选址问题是应急管理中的重要问题,设施的长期战略性地位,促使决策者在进行选址决策时关注多种目标.在一定的经济投入条件下,本文首先提出了决策者制定设施选址方案时的目标原则,构建以时效性、均衡性和鲁棒性为核心的评价体系,进而建立了应急设施选址的多目标优化模型,用覆盖为目标的救援总时间反映时效性,最大救援半径反映均衡性,以及设施损毁情景下额外增加的救援变更时间反映鲁棒性,用三个目标函数组成的三元组刻画选址决策的目标向量,理想点是一个三元向量,每一个分量值表示只以这个分量目标函数求解得到的最优值,提出了基于理想点的目标扰动最小化模型,并采用遗传算法设计求解方法,通过算例分析了模型和算法的有效性,说明本文提出的模型与算法在解决应急设施选址决策方面具有一定的应用价值.
The problem of site selection of emergency facilities is an important issue in emergency management and the long-term strategic position of facilities urges decision-makers to focus on various goals when making site selection decisions.Under certain economic input conditions, The target principle of the site selection and the construction of the evaluation system with timeliness, equilibrium and robustness as the core, and then establish a multi-objective optimization model of emergency facilities location, the total time of rescue coverage with the coverage reflects the timeliness, The maximum salvage radius reflects the balance and the additional salvage change time reflects the robustness under the scenario of facility damage. The target vector of the location decision is depicted by a triplicate composed of three objective functions. The ideal point is a ternary vector, A component value represents only the optimal value obtained by solving the objective function of this component. A target disturbance minimization model based on ideal point is proposed, and the solution method is designed by genetic algorithm. The effectiveness of the model and algorithm is illustrated by an example The model and algorithm proposed in this paper have certain application value in the decision-making of emergency facilities location.