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Toll样受体（ TLRs）家族由13个成员组成，TLRs识别脂酸、核酸、蛋白质等配体，诱导机体产生免疫应答。而搭载配体的TLRs能够将信号传递到细胞内的接头蛋白。随着深入 TLRs诱导免疫耐受机制的研究，其作用也慢慢为人所知。在肝移植过程中，门脉系统能够不断地将 TLR2和TLR4配体运送到肝脏，影响 TLR 信号通路，引起免疫排斥，而这是肝移植免疫中最关键的问题。TLRs活化后可以引起肝脏的免疫反应，使得肝脏发生缺血／再灌注损伤，并且对于肝脏移植术后的肝炎复发起着一定的作用。因此，深入了解 TLRs，及其信号通路，在肝移植中的作用有着重要的意义。“,”The Toll-like receptors ( TLRs) family consists of 13 members.TLRs could recognize specific pathogen associated molecular patterns(PAMPs),including lipoate,nucleic acid and proteins,inducing the immune response.TLRs′functioning is gradually known with the deepening of the research .In liver trans-plantation,the portal circulation is continuous source of TLR2 and TLR4 ligands,and influences TLR signa-ling pathways,which induces immune rejection,and is a key issue in liver transplantation.The activation of TLRs could lead to the activation of the specific immune system,causing ischemic reperfusion injury,and hepatitis recurrence after liver transplatation.Hence,the knowledge of TLRs,its signaling pathways and role in liver transplantation has a great significance .