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“海绵城市”一词如今在国内已经成为热门话题和前沿思想,其最早的概念是澳大利亚学者用来隐喻城市对周围乡村人口的吸附效应;美国学者则用它来形容城市像海绵一样具有弹性能力来处理雨洪自然事件的问题,并从规划到设计的不同尺度说明具体的雨洪管理方法。我国对海绵城市的定义最早可追溯到2003年,以“海绵”来比喻自然湿地、河流等对城市旱涝灾害的调蓄能力。其理论应用直至上升为国家战略经历了如下过程:2004年,深圳市率先开始实践“低影响开发”(Low Impact Development,LID)理念,以推动创建光明新区成为全国低冲击开发雨水综合利用示范区。201 1年,在首钢工业区改造规划中首次提出“生态海绵城市”的规划概念。2013年,习近平主席在中央城镇化工作会议上明确指出:
The term sponge city has now become a hot topic and a frontier in the country. Its earliest concept was that Australian scholars used it to metaphor the city’s absorption effect on the surrounding rural population. American scholars used it to describe cities as sponges Flexibility to deal with the natural events of rainstorms and to illustrate specific stormwater management approaches from different scales of planning to design. The definition of sponge city in our country can be traced back to 2003 as early as “sponge” to describe the regulation and storage capacity of natural wetlands and rivers in urban droughts and floods. Its theoretical application up until the national strategy went through the following process: In 2004, Shenzhen took the lead in starting to practice the concept of “Low Impact Development” (LID) to promote the establishment of Guangming New District and become the nationwide comprehensive utilization of low-impact development rainwater Demonstration Area. In 201 1, the planning concept of “eco-sponge city” was first proposed in the renovation plan of Shougang Industrial Zone. In 2013, President Xi Jinping pointed out clearly at the Central Urbanization Conference: