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特权是源于动物性暴力、后通过人类社会的非正义制度维系的不正当利益。特权是人权的对立物,借鉴人权的代际划分方法,对特权进行分代、分类研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义。应在法治化治道和差异性治术下,厘清特权之代(性质)、根源、条件、关系、治理顺序,通过强有力、突破性的改革举措,实施有效治理。第一代特权的合法性已荡然无存,转入地下潜规则状态;但第二代特权在形式上往往具有诸多理由和表面合法性,系全球性的挑战。第二代特权是在经社文领域(社会法领域),违背平等、公平和应得正义等原则,损害相关领域人权,通过制度性、政策性、市场性等手段而获得的不正当利益。中国现阶段的第二代特权问题较严重、危害大,应优先对其进行法治化及差异化治理。
Privileges come from the improper interests of animal sexual violence and the unjust system of human society. Privilege is the antithesis of human rights. Drawing lessons from the intergenerational division of human rights, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to classify and study the privilege. Under the rule of law and the rule of difference, we should clarify the generation (nature), origin, condition, relation and order of the privilege and carry out effective governance through powerful and breakthrough reform measures. The legitimacy of the first generation of privileges has been vanished, into the underground state hidden rules; but the second generation of privileges in the form often has many reasons and surface legitimacy, a global challenge. The second generation privilege is the improper benefit obtained through the institutional, policy and market measures in the fields of economic and social articles (social law), violation of the principles of equality, fairness and due justice, and damage to human rights in related fields. At this stage in China, the issue of the second generation privilege is more serious and detrimental, and its priority should be given to rule of law and differentiated governance.