一、商会成立前后的行业组织旧中国的商会,是民族资产阶级为了维护自己的利益而组织的民间工商业团体。中国资本主义近代工业从19世纪末开始发生,商会正式出现已进入20世纪。商会成立前,中国很早就有了由商人或手工业者组织的行会。其名称有行会、公所、会馆、“堂”等。唐代长安有120行,并有“行头”、“行首”等名目,其中有些已具有行业组织性质。晚清北京有商人、手工业者组织的会馆50多个,苏州的会馆、公所有90多所。 First, the industry organization before and after the establishment of the Chamber of Commerce The old Chinese Chamber of Commerce is a private industrial and commercial organization organized by the national bourgeoisie in order to safeguard its own interests. Modern capitalism of Chinese capitalism began at the end of the 19th century, and the official appearance of chambers of commerce has entered the 20th century. Before the establishment of the chamber of commerce, China had long had guilds organized by businessmen or handicraftsmen. Its names include guilds, public halls, halls, and halls. There are 120 lines of Chang’an in the Tang Dynasty, and there are titles such as “head of line” and “head of line”, some of which have the nature of industry organization. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were more than 50 halls organized by businessmen and artisans in Beijing, and more than 90 clubs and public companies in Suzhou.