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目的了解医院感染现状,分析医院感染相关因素,提出加强医院感染管理的措施。方法以某天00:00～24:00为时段,采用床旁调查与病历调查相结合的方法。结果被调查人数为809例,现患率为3.46%,现患率较高的前三位科室依次是重症监护室(ICU)(44.4%)、神经外科(10.87%)和普外科(6.7%);感染部位依次是下呼吸道(57.14%)、深部切口(21.42%),上呼吸道(14.28%)、泌尿系和其他感染(7.16%);感染相关因素中,年龄(>60岁)、病情、气管插管、侵入性治疗为本次调查医院感染的主要危险因素。结论应将ICU、神经内外科作为医院感染的重点监控科室;老年患者、危重患者、需气道侵入性治疗及脑部疾病患者作为重点监控人群;建立医院感染菌谱档案以指导抗菌药物的使用、合理使用抗菌药物,加强病房管理、预防交叉感染的发生,加强无菌操作技术培训和消毒管理,是降低医院感染率的重要措施。
Objective To understand the current status of nosocomial infection, analyze the related factors of nosocomial infection, and propose measures to strengthen nosocomial infection management. Methods One day from 00:00 to 24:00 for the period, using bedside survey and medical records combined method. Results The number of patients surveyed was 809, with a prevalence of 3.46%. The top three departments with high prevalence rates were intensive care unit (ICU) (44.4%), neurosurgery (10.87%) and general surgery (6.7%). Infection was followed by lower respiratory tract (57.14%), deep incision (21.42%), upper respiratory tract (14.28%), urinary tract and other infections (7.16% Intubation and invasive treatment are the major risk factors for this investigation of nosocomial infections. Conclusion ICU and neurosurgery should be regarded as the key surveillance department of nosocomial infection. Elderly patients, critically ill patients, patients with invasive airway disease and brain diseases should be monitored as the key population. The nosocomial bacterial spectrum files should be established to guide the use of antimicrobial agents It is an important measure to reduce the rate of nosocomial infection by reasonably using antibacterials, strengthening ward management, preventing the occurrence of cross-infection, and strengthening aseptic technique and disinfection management.