中国的社会保障改革在机制调整和面向城镇职工、困难群体的制度建设方面取得了重大成就。但新制度还未定型,整个社会保障政策仍处于选择阶段。目前面临的问题主要是社会保障主体各方的责任划分模糊,需要社会保障重点援助的困难群体规模偏大,以及制度自身的残漏和地区发展不平衡等诸多因素的制约。社会保障作为各国重要的基本制度安排,由维护稳定、保障民生的工具转变为维护公平正义、实现合理共享的财富分配机制,是一条不可逆转的发展规律。中国社会保障改革与发展之路,就是在尊重这一制度的客观规律与中国国情的基础上,构建有中国特色的社会保障制度,最终将人民引入一个安全、平等、自由、尊严的福利社会。 China’s social security reform has made great achievements in institutional adjustment and institutional construction for urban workers and disadvantaged groups. However, the new system has not yet been finalized and the entire social security policy is still at an option stage. At present, the main problems are the vague division of responsibilities of all parties involved in social security, the large size of disadvantaged groups that need the assistance of social security, the constraints of the system itself, the imbalance in regional development and other factors. As an important basic institutional arrangement for all countries, social security is transformed from a tool for maintaining stability and ensuring people’s livelihood into a wealth distribution mechanism for safeguarding fairness and justice and achieving reasonable sharing. It is an irreversible law of development. The road to reform and development of social security in China is to build a social security system with Chinese characteristics on the basis of respecting the objective laws of this system and China’s national conditions and eventually bring the people into a welfare society that is safe, equal, free and dignified.