用立法规制学术不端行为是防范和惩罚学术不端行为的基础。本文通过研究美国国家科学基金会(NSF)对学术不端行为的法律规制,明确了NSF规制学术不端行为的法律依据、学术不端行为的法律构成要件、处罚种类和处罚主体,并据此提出了对我国规制学术不端行为的立法借鉴。 Regulating academic misconduct with legislation is the basis for preventing and punishing academic misconduct. By studying the NSF’s legal regulation of academic misconduct, this paper clarifies the legal basis for the NSF regulation of academic misconduct, the legal components of academic misconduct, the type of punishment and the subject of punishment accordingly Put forward the legislative reference to China’s regulation of academic misconduct.