人的认识在本质上是主体在实践活动中对客体的能动的反映。这是马克思主义认识论的一个基本命题。然而,近年来在关于认识本质问题的讨论中,马克思主义认识论的这一基本命题受到了挑战。人们提出了选择论、建构论、评价反映统一论和信息反映论。它们的一个共同特点就是把反映仅仅理解为人脑对于不依赖于人和人的意识而存在的客体的模写、摄影和 In essence, human cognition is the active reflection of the subject in the practical activities. This is a basic proposition of Marxist epistemology. However, in the discussion on the question of the essence of understanding in recent years, this basic proposition of Marxist epistemology has been challenged. People put forward the choice theory, the construction theory, the evaluation reflects the unity theory and the information reflection theory. One of their common features is the reflection of mere comprehension of the human brain’s mold, writing and photography of objects that do not depend on human and human consciousness