目的对2007-2012年北京市门头沟区报告的水痘病例进行分析,了解其流行病学特征,为预防控制水痘提供参考。方法病例资料来源于《中国疾病预防控制系统》,流行病学资料来源于病例的流行病学个案调查。对资料进行流行病学分析。结果北京市门头沟区2007-2012年共报告水痘病例1 053例,水痘发病基本呈现5~6月和12月~次年1月两个高峰。发病年龄最小2月、最大50岁,发病人数最多的是6~10岁年龄组,共发病414例,占总发病人数的39.32%;发病最多的3个职业分别为小学生、散居儿童和托幼儿童;1 053例病例中完成流行病学调查的1030例,其中发热497例,占48.25%。出疹程度轻度(50个以下散在皮疹)724例,占70.29%;出疹程度中度(50~500个皮疹)287例,占27.86%;出疹程度重度(可触及大量皮疹或疹间无正常皮肤)19例,占1.85%,出疹严重程度差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.956,Ρ<0.01);有水痘疫苗免疫史的427例,占41.46%;无免疫史的441例,占42.82%,有无水痘免疫史的病例发热的发生率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.234,P>0.05);有免疫史的病例出疹程度较轻。结论接种水痘疫苗后儿童临床症状较轻,为控制水痘疫情,应进一步提高水痘疫苗的接种率,并且有必要开展第2剂次的免疫。 Objective To analyze the reported cases of chickenpox from 2007 to 2012 in Mentougou District of Beijing to understand their epidemiological characteristics and provide references for the prevention and control of chickenpox. Methods The case data were sourced from China Disease Prevention and Control System. Epidemiological data were collected from epidemiological case studies of cases. Epidemiological analysis of the data. Results A total of 1 053 chickenpox cases were reported in Mentougou District of Beijing from 2007 to 2012. The incidence of chickenpox basically showed two peaks between May and June and from December to January. The age of onset was the youngest in February, with the maximum age of 50 years. The highest incidence was in the age group of 6 to 10 years. 414 cases were found, accounting for 39.32% of the total cases. The three most frequently occurring occupations were primary school children, diaspora and nursery school Children; 1,303 cases completed epidemiological survey of 1030 cases, of which 497 cases were fever, accounting for 48.25%. The degree of rash was mild (less than 50 scattered rashes), 724 cases (70.29%); the degree of rash was moderate (50-500 rashes), 287 cases (27.86%); the degree of rash was severe 19 cases, accounting for 1.85%, there was significant difference in the severity of rash (Z = -2.956, P <0.01); there were 427 cases with vaccine-history of chickenpox, accounting for 41.46%; 441 cases without history of immunity , Accounting for 42.82%. There was no significant difference in the incidence of fever with or without chickenpox immunization (χ2 = 2.234, P> 0.05). Cases with immunization history had less severe rash. Conclusion The clinical symptoms of children vaccinated with chickenpox are mild. In order to control the epidemic of chickenpox, the vaccination rate of chickenpox should be further increased and the second dose of immunization is necessary.