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目的了解宝石加工行业接尘工人矽肺患病情况及其特征。方法对5间宝石加工厂生产环境和接尘工龄1a以上的工人进行横断面的流行病学调查。结果5间厂各个作业点的粉尘浓度均超过国家卫生标准(1mg/m3)的2.96～10.5倍。游离SiO2含量平均为91.2%～95.1%。受检的1352名接尘工人中,被诊断为各期矽肺患者73例,患病率占5.4%。患病年龄为(27.6±4.52)岁。接尘工龄(4.82±1.63)a。矽肺患者的X线表现以q影改变为主。肺通气功能损害多为混合型(24/37),占64.8%。合并肺结核15例,占20.5%;肺气肿29例,占3.7%;气胸6例,占8.23%。结论宝石行业生产性粉尘对工人健康危害极大,当务之急是对宝石行业加强劳动卫生监督,加大执法力度,改革工艺流程,降低粉尘浓度,控制矽肺病发生。
Objective To understand the prevalence and characteristics of silicosis in dust-exposed workers in gem processing industry. Methods The cross-sectional epidemiological investigation was conducted on the workers in five gem factory production environments and workers who received dust more than one year. Results The dust concentration of each operation point in 5 plants exceeded 2.96 ~ 10.5 times of the national health standard (1mg / m3). Free SiO2 content averaged 91.2% ~ 95.1%. Of the 1352 dust-pick workers examined, 73 were diagnosed as silicosis in each stage, with a prevalence of 5.4%. The sick age was (27.6 ± 4.52) years old. Dust cleaning service length (4.82 ± 1.63) a. X-ray manifestations of silicosis in patients with q-ray changes based. Pulmonary function impairment mostly mixed (24/37), accounting for 64.8%. Pulmonary tuberculosis in 15 cases, accounting for 20.5%; emphysema in 29 cases, accounting for 3.7%; pneumothorax in 6 cases, accounting for 8.23%. Conclusion The productive dust in the gem industry is extremely harmful to the health of workers. It is imperative to step up labor hygiene supervision on the gemstone industry, step up law enforcement, reform process, reduce dust concentration and control the occurrence of silicosis.