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目的了解宁波市2010年9起水痘爆发疫情的流行病学和病原学特征。方法根据宁波市2010年全国突发公共卫生事件报告管理系统和疾病监测点进行实时流行病学调查,收集数据并统计分析。同时对部分临床诊断水痘病例采集疱疹液标本,采用人胚肺成纤维细胞(Human fetal lung fibroblast cells,MRC-5细胞)进行水痘-带状疱疹病毒(Varicella-zoster Virus,VZV)分离,并提取脱氧核糖核酸进行聚合酶链反应,对扩增产物测序,分析其基因型别。结果宁波市2010年共发生9起水痘爆发疫情,罹患146例,平均罹患率1.79%(以校为单位)。以2010年11、12月报告的突发公共卫生事件起数最多,有9个县(市、区)报告了爆发疫情,发病年龄以7～12岁小学生为主。146例水痘中,有水痘减毒活疫苗(Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine,VarV)接种史的63例,占病例总数的43.15%。15例患者VZV分离阳性,其中13例VZV为J型,2例为M1型。结论宁波市2010年水痘爆发疫情主要发生在冬春季节,在学校集体单位,J型VZV为宁波市目前流行的主要毒株,但也有M1型VZV的局部爆发。应加强中小学及托幼机构人群的VarV接种,预防控制水痘疫情。
Objective To understand the epidemiological and etiological characteristics of nine chickenpox outbreaks in Ningbo in 2010. Methods According to the 2010 national epidemic of public health emergencies reporting management system and disease surveillance points in real time epidemiological survey, data collection and statistical analysis. Herpes fluid samples were collected from some clinically diagnosed chickenpox cases, and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was isolated from human fetal lung fibroblast cells (MRC-5 cells) DNA polymerase chain reaction, amplification products were sequenced, analysis of their genotypes. Results Nine outbreaks of varicella were reported in Ningbo in 2010, with 146 cases suffering from an average attack rate of 1.79% (in units of schools). The number of public health emergencies reported in November and December 2010 was the highest, with nine counties (cities and districts) reporting the outbreak. The age of onset was mainly pupils aged 7 to 12. Of the 146 chickenpox cases, 63 were vaccinated with Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine (VarV), accounting for 43.15% of the total cases. VZV was positive in 15 patients, of which 13 were VZV type J and 2 were Ml type. Conclusion The epidemic situation of chickenpox in Ningbo mainly occurred in winter and spring. In the school collective unit, JV VZV was the main strain currently prevailing in Ningbo, but there was also a local outbreak of M1 VZV. VarV vaccination should be strengthened in primary and secondary schools and nurseries to prevent and control the epidemic of chickenpox.