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目的分析我国8省小学教师慢性病防控相关知识、态度和行为情况,为开展以校园为基础的儿童慢性病干预提供依据。方法采用课题组自行设计的问卷,在我国8省1 500名教师进行自填式问卷调查。内容包括人口学特征、慢性病知识、教师健康行为和对学生健康活动和课程的态度等。结果有效问卷1 370份。健康知识总体知晓率为58.3%,经济好、中、差地区的总体知晓率分别为60.5%、59.4%和54.6%,地区间差异有统计学意义(Ⅹ2=13.18,P<0.001)。每年至少测1次体重的行为,具有高中/中专、大专及大学、大学以上学历教师的比例为82.5%、78.0%和90.2%(Ⅹ2=7.31,P=0.030)。每年至少测1次血压的行为,工作年限≤10年、11~19年和≥20年教师的比例分别为57.3%、62.0%和65.1%(Ⅹ2=24.66,P=0.022);教师年龄≤34岁、35~44岁和≥45岁的比例分别为57.9%、61.1%和70.6%(Ⅹ2=13.69,P=0.043)。结论小学教师对慢性病相关知识掌握程度一般,不同教师群体的健康行为有所差异,有必要加强对教师这一群体的慢性病防治相关健康教育工作。
Objective To analyze the knowledge, attitude and behavior of chronic disease prevention and control among eight primary school teachers in eight provinces in China and provide the basis for the intervention of chronic diseases based on campus. Methods The self-designed questionnaire was adopted by the research group and 1,500 teachers in 8 provinces of China conducted self-administered questionnaires. Content includes demographic characteristics, knowledge of chronic diseases, teacher health behaviors and attitudes toward student health activities and curricula. Results A total of 370 valid questionnaires were collected. The overall awareness rate of health knowledge was 58.3%, and the overall awareness rates of good, moderate and poor areas were 60.5%, 59.4% and 54.6% respectively. There were significant differences among regions (Ⅹ 2 = 13.18, P <0.001). The body weight was measured at least once a year with 82.5%, 78.0% and 90.2% of them having high school, technical secondary school, college and university, and college degree or above (χ2 = 7.31, P = 0.030). The number of teachers with at least one annual measurement of blood pressure ≤ 10 years, 11-19 years and ≥ 20 years was 57.3%, 62.0% and 65.1% respectively (Ⅹ 2 = 24.66, P = 0.022) The proportions of patients aged 35-44 and ≥45 years were 57.9%, 61.1% and 70.6%, respectively (Ⅹ 2 = 13.69, P = 0.043). Conclusions Primary school teachers have a general knowledge of chronic diseases and different health behaviors among different groups of teachers. It is necessary to strengthen the health education on chronic diseases prevention and treatment for teachers in this group.