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目的:探讨在广大农村减少出生缺陷发生的有效方法。方法:选择河北省承德县18～49岁的健康人群10 000人随机分为联宣组和对照组,联宣组利用村孕妇学校课堂、农村集市、村卫生所、乡镇卫生院等便于学习的场所发放宣传材料、光盘以及集中讲课等多种形式宣传优生优育相关知识,对照组不采取任何干预措施。干预后通过问卷方式判定教育效果,通过监测围产儿出生缺陷情况探讨预防出生缺陷的作用。结果:联宣组5 000人,优生知识知晓率干预后达到98.90%,而对照组5 000人仅达到12.90%,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。调查联宣组、对照组孕产妇各2 000人,监测其围产儿(孕满28周～生后7天内的活产、死胎、死产、7天内死亡)出生情况,联宣组围产儿出生缺陷发生率6.00‰,而对照组为12.50‰,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:加强全民出生缺陷相关知识教育可有效减少出生缺陷的发生。
Objective: To explore effective ways to reduce birth defects in the vast rural areas. Methods: A total of 10 000 healthy people aged 18-49 in Chengde County of Hebei Province were randomly divided into Lianxuan Group and control group. Lianxuan Group used village pregnant women school classrooms, rural bazaars, village clinics and township hospitals to facilitate learning Of the publicity materials, CD-ROMs, and centralized lectures and other forms of publicity eugenics related knowledge, the control group did not take any interventions. After intervention, the effect of education was judged by questionnaire, and the role of prevention of birth defects was explored by monitoring the birth defects of perinatal children. Results: There were 5 000 people in Lianxuan Group, reaching 98.90% after intervention of eugenics, compared with 12.90% in control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.01). Surveys of UNPROFOR and control groups of 2 000 pregnant women were monitored for their births during perinatal period (28 weeks pregnant to 7 days after birth, stillbirth, stillbirth, and death within 7 days) The incidence of defects was 6.00 ‰, while the control group was 12.50 ‰, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Strengthening knowledge-based education on birth defects can effectively reduce the incidence of birth defects.