目的:探索出生缺陷的发生率及相关因素,采取针对性较强的干预措施,减少出生缺陷儿的发生。方法:对1996～2007年石林彝族自治县妇幼保健院监测的孕28周至产后7天的围产儿(包括死胎、死产)进行回顾性分析。结果:共监测围产儿12 489例,出生缺陷儿148例,出生缺陷儿的发生率为11.85%,出生缺陷的死亡率为42.57%,占围产儿死亡的30.88%;出生缺陷的发生率高于全国平均水平。结论:出生缺陷的干预应以预防为主,加强健康教育、产前保健、产前诊断和新生儿疾病筛查,做到早发现、早治疗,达到提高出生人口素质及生命质量的目的。 Objective: To explore the incidence of birth defects and related factors, to take targeted interventions to reduce the incidence of birth defects. Methods: The perinatal infants (including stillbirth and stillbirth) from 28 weeks pregnant to 7 days postpartum were monitored retrospectively from 1996 to 2007 in the MCH hospital of Shilin Yi Autonomous County. Results: A total of 12 489 cases of perinatal and 148 cases of birth defects were monitored. The incidence of birth defects was 11.85%. The birth defects mortality rate was 42.57%, accounting for 30.88% of the perinatal deaths. The incidence of birth defects was higher than National average. Conclusion: The intervention of birth defects should be based on prevention. Health education, prenatal care, prenatal diagnosis and neonatal disease screening should be strengthened to achieve early detection and early treatment so as to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of birth and quality of life.