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近年来关于认识对象的探讨中,有两种不同的观点。一种观点认为,认识对象只能是客体——人化自然部分,而不是整个物质存在。因而认为客体是认识论范畴,而物质(存在)则只是本体论范畴,哲学的基本问题则没有认识论的意义。另一种观点坚持物质世界都是认识对象,但又否认用客体人化自然范畴说明具体认识的必要性。这两种观点,都没有看到物质和客体的历史的统一性。
In recent years, there has been two different views on the subject of cognition. One view holds that the object of cognition can only be the object, the natural part of humanity, not the whole material existence. Therefore, the object is considered epistemological category, while the material (existence) is only ontological category, the basic problem of philosophy is not the significance of epistemology. Another point of view insists that the material world is the object of cognition, but denies the necessity of specifying the specific category with the object’s naturalization of human nature. Neither of these views saw the unity of history of matter and object.