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中国文艺美学的学科建构并不仅仅是一个当代事件。早在20世纪三四十年代,一些现代文学研究者已经为此做出了努力,著名批评家李长之就是其中最突出的一位。目前学界对李长之的认识还只是局限在批评史领域,而实际上他的批评思想中包含着丰富的美学底蕴,他的“感情的批评主义”就是以他所主张建构的以“纯文艺”为研究对象,以“加体系”为研究方法、以寻求文艺绝对价值为学科属性的“文艺美学”为基础的。本文试从四个方面对李长之的文艺美学思想加以评述:第一,他明确提出了“文艺美学”的学科概念,确定了文艺美学的研究对象、研究方法、学科属性和体系结构;第二,他将文艺美学看做是文学研究者最为基础的知识,认为文学研究应该是一个健全的体系,而美学研究应该是文学研究的首要方法;第三,他主张建设艺术论的文学原理,强调理想的文学是一种人格艺术,它具有永恒的美的价值,“感情的型”是艺术论的文学原理的核心范畴;第四,他对中国古代儒家文化的审美性进行了富有时代精神的挖掘与重建,将文艺美学的建构与民族文化的复兴紧密地结合起来,从而在理论上呈现出鲜明的独特性。可以说李长之在中国文艺美学的现代建构上做出了很多开拓性的工作,对我们当代文艺美学的建设者来说,他的思考也具有不应忽视的启示意义。
The discipline construction of Chinese literature, art and aesthetics is not just a contemporary event. As early as the 1930s and 1940s, some modern literary researchers have already made efforts to this end. The famous critic Li Changzhi is one of the most prominent ones. At present, the academic understanding of Li Changzhi is only confined to the field of criticizing history. In fact, his criticism contains a wealth of aesthetics. His “Criticism of Feelings” is based on his idea of “ ”As the research object, “ add system ”as the research method, in order to seek the absolute value of literature and art as the “ literary aesthetics ”of discipline attribute. This article tries to comment on Li Changzhi’s literature and art aesthetics thought from four aspects: First, he clearly put forward the concept of “aesthetics of literature and art”, confirms the research object, research method, subject attribute and system structure of literature aesthetics; Second, he regarded literary aesthetics as the most basic knowledge of literary researchers, that literary studies should be a sound system, and that aesthetic studies should be the primary method of literary studies. Third, he advocated the construction of the literary theory of artistic theory, Emphasis on the ideal literature is a kind of personality art, which has the value of eternal beauty. The “type of feeling” is the core category of the literary theory of the theory of art. Fourthly, he enriches the aesthetics of the ancient Confucian culture in China The excavation and reconstruction of the spirit closely combine the construction of literature, art and aesthetics with the revival of national culture, thus presenting a distinctive uniqueness in theory. It can be said that Li Changzhi has made a lot of pioneering work on the modern construction of Chinese literary aesthetics. For his constructor of contemporary literary aesthetics, his thinking also has enlightenment meaning that should not be neglected.