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通过对历史文献资料的搜集、整理和分析,对清代汾河中游地区洪涝灾害的时空变化与形成原因进行了研究。结果表明:在清代268年间,汾河中游发生洪涝灾害104次,平均每2.58年发生一次。清代早期和晚期是洪涝灾害多发期,中期是洪涝灾害较少发生时期。该段流域洪涝灾害的发生主要集中在汾河中上游段支流上的汾阳、文水、介休、清徐、交城5县市。根据涝灾的等级序列得出,清代该段流域2级涝灾发生次数最多,1级涝灾和3级涝灾次之,4级涝灾发生次数较少。最后对洪涝灾害形成原因分析表明,气候变化是汾河中游洪涝灾害发生的重要原因,而人为因素则加剧了洪涝灾害的发生,这为了解汾河中游洪涝灾害长尺度变化规律研究具有重要的现实意义。
Through the collection, collation and analysis of historical documents, the paper studies the spatial and temporal changes and causes of floods in the middle reaches of Fen River in the Qing Dynasty. The results show that during the 268 years of Qing Dynasty, there were 104 floods in the middle reaches of Fen River, with an average of every 2.58 years. The early and late Qing dynasties were flood-prone periods and the mid-term was the period when floods and floods were less likely to occur. Floods and disasters in this section of the river basin mainly occur in Fenyang, Wenshui, Jiexiu, Qingxu and Jiaocheng counties in the middle and upper reaches of Fen River. According to the sequence of waterlogging, it is concluded that the second-level floods occurred in this section of the Qing Dynasty were the second highest, the first-level floods and third-level floods were the second, and the fourth-level floods occurred less frequently. Finally, the analysis of the causes of flood disasters indicates that climate change is an important cause of flood disasters in the middle reaches of Fen River, and human factors exacerbate the occurrence of flood disasters, which is of great realistic significance in understanding the long-term variation of flood disasters in the middle reaches of Fen River significance.