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本文通过新疆绿洲棉田连续4年定位施肥试验,研究了不同处理[对照CK、常规化肥CF、减氮配施普通有机肥OF(80%CF+OF和60%CF+OF)、减氮配施生物有机肥BF(80%CF+BF和60%CF+BF)]对土壤生物学性状和团聚体特性的影响,探讨了土壤生物学性状与有机碳及团聚体之间的关系.结果表明:与单施化肥(CF)相比,配施生物有机肥的80%CF+BF和60%CF+BF处理均可显著提高土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、β-葡萄糖苷酶、多酚氧化酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性,其增幅分别为55.6%~84.0%、53.1%~74.0%、15.1%~38.0%、38.2%~68.0%、29.6%~52.0%和35.4%~58.9%,高量配施有机肥效果优于低量配施.各施肥处理明显提高了土壤基础呼吸,具体表现为BF>OF>CF>CK.与CF相比,60%CF+BF处理的土壤有机碳、微生物生物量碳分别增加22.3%和43.5%,但微生物生物量碳氮比显著下降.>0.25 mm的水稳性团聚体在配施普通有机肥的80%CF+OF、60%CF+OF处理比对照(CK)分别增加7.1%和8.0%.80%CF+BF处理较80%CF+OF处理机械稳定性团聚体的几何平均直径(GMD)增加了9.2%.冗余(RDA)分析和聚类分析均表明,减氮增碳可明显调控滴灌棉田土壤生物活性与团聚体结构.连续4年化肥减量配施有机肥或生物有机肥,提高了土壤有机碳含量,并对团聚体稳定性和生物学性状有协同改善效应,是维持与提升绿洲滴灌棉田土壤肥力的有效途径.
In this paper, four years of fertilization experiment in oasis cotton field of Xinjiang were carried out to study the effects of different treatments [CK, conventional fertilizer CF, nitrogen (OF) with 80% CF + OF and 60% CF + OF, The effects of bio-organic fertilizer BF (80% CF + BF and 60% CF + BF) on soil biological properties and aggregate properties were discussed, and the relationship between soil biological properties and organic carbon and aggregate was discussed.The results showed that: Compared with single application of chemical fertilizers (CF), treatment with 80% CF + BF and 60% CF + BF with bio-organic fertilizer significantly increased soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase, β- glucosidase Phenoloxidase and arylsulfatase activity were 55.6% -84.0%, 53.1% -74.0%, 15.1% -38.0%, 38.2% -68.0%, 29.6% -52.0% and 35.4% -58.9% , And organic manure was higher than that with low manure.However, the fertilization treatments significantly increased the soil base respiration, which was characterized by BF> OF> CF> CK. Compared with CF, the soil organic Carbon and microbial biomass carbon increased by 22.3% and 43.5%, respectively, but the microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen ratio decreased significantly.Water-stable aggregates> 0.25 mm were significantly affected by 80% CF + OF and 60% CF + OF treatment than the control ( CK) increased by 7.1% and 8.0%, respectively.The geometric mean diameter (GMD) of mechanical stability aggregates increased by 9.2% with 80% CF + BF treatment compared with 80% CF + OF treatment.The results of RDA analysis and cluster analysis All indicated that nitrogen reduction and carbon addition could obviously control the soil biological activity and aggregate structure of drip irrigation cotton field.Utilizing organic fertilizers or bio-organic fertilizers for 4 years in succession increased the content of soil organic carbon and the stability of aggregates and biomass It is an effective way to maintain and enhance the soil fertility of oasis drip irrigation cotton field by studying the synergistic improvement effect of traits.