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在自然降雨条件下,采用径流小区法研究三峡库区橘园种植绿肥作物光叶苕子、白三叶和鼠茅草对土壤养分流失的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,橘园连续3a种植光叶苕子、白三叶和鼠茅草,其径流水总量分别减少11.0%,11.4%和24.0%;总氮流失量分别减少8.3%,16.7%和40.8%;总磷流失量分别减少7.5%,25.3%和58.0%;可溶性总氮流失量分别减少15.1%,28.0%和52.1%;可溶性总磷流失量分别减少24.3%,30.6%和53.8%;铵态氮流失量分别减少10.1%,23.7%和50.9%;硝态氮流失量分别减少21.9%,35.8%和55.1%。各形态的氮、磷养分浓度较对照也有一定程度的降低。橘园种植绿肥,尤其是种植鼠茅草,可有效地减少地表径流量以及地表径流水中的养分浓度,且二者共同作用,对养分流失量的减少效果更为明显。
Under the conditions of natural rainfall, the runoff plot method was used to study the effects of Phyllostachys pubescens, white clover and rat straw on soil nutrient loss in the orange orchards of the Orangery in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area. The results showed that compared with the control, the total runoff volume decreased by 11.0%, 11.4% and 24.0% respectively in the Orange Plantation for three consecutive years, while the total nitrogen loss decreased by 8.3% and 16.7%, respectively. And 40.8%, respectively; total phosphorus loss decreased by 7.5%, 25.3% and 58.0% respectively; total soluble nitrogen loss decreased by 15.1%, 28.0% and 52.1% respectively; total soluble phosphorus loss decreased by 24.3%, 30.6% and 53.8% ; The loss of ammonium nitrogen decreased by 10.1%, 23.7% and 50.9% respectively; the loss of nitrate nitrogen decreased by 21.9%, 35.8% and 55.1% respectively. Each form of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient concentrations than the control also have a certain degree of reduction. Orange plantation of green manure, especially the cultivation of rat thatch grass, can effectively reduce the surface runoff and surface runoff water nutrient concentrations, and both work together to reduce the effect of nutrient loss more obvious.