理性主义与渐进主义是公共预算发展过程中形成的两种不同的范式,二者在争论中相互融合。国防是一种“强制性”的公共产品,具有专断性的权力和高度集中的权力分布,这决定了国防部门应选择理性主义的预算范式。中国国防预算应在理性的范式中进行改革,也不排除在局部进行渐进主义的修正,但总体上来说仍应是理性主义的。 Rationalism and gradualism are two different paradigms formed during the development of the public budget, and the two converge in the debate. Defense is a “mandatory” public product, with its own arbitrary power and a highly centralized distribution of power. This determines the rationalistic budgetary model that the defense department should choose. China’s national defense budget should be reformed in a rational paradigm, nor should it be ruled out to make gradualist amendments locally. However, it should still be rationalistic as a whole.