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非布司他是新型选择性黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂，2009年获美国食品和药品管理局批准用于治疗痛风以及高尿酸血症。2018年发表的“非布司他和别嘌醇治疗痛风和心血管疾病的心血管安全性”研究结果显示，合并心血管疾病的痛风患者使用非布司他会增加全因死亡和心血管疾病死亡的风险。但后续的相关临床研究并未发现非布司他会增加心血管事件相关死亡的风险。非布司他心血管安全性并非完全一致的研究结果提示，持续降尿酸治疗可能使合并心血管疾病的痛风患者获益，但在应用非布司他的过程中，需要警惕发生心血管事件及死亡的风险，需重视患者的联合用药情况及肾功能状况，并应注意防范黄嘌呤氧化酶抑制剂停药综合征。“,”Febuxostat, a new selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor, is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2009 for the treatment of gout and hyperuricemia. The study on the “cardiovascular safety of febuxostat and allopurinol in patients with gout and cardiovascular comorbidities (CARES)”, which was published in 2018, showed that febuxostat could increase the risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular related death in gout patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the subsequent clinical studies have not confirmed that febuxostat could increase the risk of cardiovascular events-related death. The inconsistent results of the studies on cardiovascular safety of febuxostat suggest that the gout patients with cardiovascular disease may benefit from continuous uric acid lowering therapy. However, during the process of using febuxostat, the risk of cardiovascular events and cardiovascular events-related death should be alerted, the combination medication and renal function of patients should be paid attention to, and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor withdrawal syndrome should be prevented.