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为探究岩爆过程的声音信号特征,采用自主研发的真三轴岩爆试验机系统,在室内实现花岗岩岩样的岩爆过程模拟,并对试验过程中的声音信号进行全程监测,分析岩爆过程声音信号的波形特征、分形特征以及频谱特征。研究结果表明,岩爆的声音信号波形变化特征能够反映岩爆所经历的主要破坏过程,临近岩爆弹射破坏前,存在一段声音信号波形幅值较小的“相对平静期”;岩爆过程的声音信号幅值具有时间分形特性,声音信号幅值分形维数持续增加至峰值后在一段时间内持续下降至最低值可作为岩爆发生的前兆信息;岩爆过程中,不同破坏现象具有不同的声音频谱特征,声音信号主频总体呈“高频向低频迁移”的演化趋势,频谱形状经历“多峰–单峰”的交替变化过程。岩爆过程的声音信号在波形、幅值的时间分形维数、频谱3个方面具有显著特征与内在演化规律,声音信号的变化特征可作为岩爆预测的前兆信息。
In order to explore the characteristics of acoustic signals during rockburst, a true triaxial rockburst testing machine developed by ourselves was used to simulate the rockburst process of granite samples in the laboratory. The acoustic signals during the test were monitored during the whole process. The rockburst Wave features, fractal features, and spectral features of process sound signals. The results show that the characteristics of rockburst sound signal waveform can reflect the main failure process experienced by rockburst, and there is a period of relatively quiet amplitude of sound wave amplitude near the rockburst ejection damage. The process of sound signal amplitude with time-fractal characteristics of the sound signal amplitude fractal dimension continues to increase to a peak after a period of time continued to decline to a minimum value can be used as precursory rock burst information; rock burst process, the different destruction phenomenon has Different sound spectrum characteristics, the main frequency of the sound signal evolves from “high frequency to low frequency ”, and the spectrum shape undergoes the alternating process of “multi-peak to single peak ”. The sound signal of rockburst process has notable features and inherent evolution in three aspects of waveform, time-scale fractal dimension and frequency spectrum. The variation of sound signal can be used as precursory information for rock burst prediction.