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目的了解广州地区公共场所室内PM2.5污染水平,并分析其影响因素。方法 2014年随机选取广州地区所辖的花都区、荔湾区、天河区、越秀区、白云区以及海珠区等6个区域的3类(商场、住宿场所和餐饮场所)共36家公共场所作为研究对象,然后监测其室内PM2.5浓度,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果调查结果表明,广州地区公共场所室内PM2.5浓度平均值为(62.76±15.68)μg/m3。餐饮场所PM2.5浓度(71.68±12.27)μg/m3最高,住宿场所[(52.98±16.36)μg/m3]次之,商场(41.68±10.98)μg/m3最低。进一步分析发现:(1)烧烤或火锅类等餐厨未分开公共场所室内PM2.5浓度(84.34±13.46)μg/m3显著高于餐厨分开公共场所(66.77±14.47)μg/m3(P<0.05);(2)雾霾污染时,公共场所室内PM2.5浓度(89.12±16.58)μg/m3显著高于非雾霾污染时(49.65±15.86)μg/m3(P<0.05);(3)未备有中央空调公共场所室内PM2.5浓度(66.45±14.87)μg/m3显著高于备有中央空调公共场所(40.46±15.49)μg/m3(P<0.05);(4)临近公共交通的公共场所室内PM2.5浓度(51.67±15.46)μg/m3显著高于远离公共交通的公共场所(36.28±9.85)μg/m3(P<0.05)。结论 2014年广州地区公共场所室内PM2.5污染程度较大,且烹饪时燃料的燃烧、室外空气污染以及公共交通尾气排放均致使PM2.5污染浓度增加,而在公共场所室内采用中央空调系统有利于PM2.5浓度的降低。
Objective To understand the indoor pollution level of PM2.5 in public places in Guangzhou and analyze its influencing factors. Methods A total of 36 public places in Huadu District, Liwan District, Tianhe District, Yuexiu District, Baiyun District and Haizhu District under the jurisdiction of Guangzhou were selected randomly in 2014 as 3 categories (shopping mall, accommodation and dining venues) The subjects were then monitored for indoor PM2.5 concentrations and their influencing factors were analyzed. Results The survey results showed that the average indoor PM2.5 concentration in public places in Guangzhou was (62.76 ± 15.68) μg / m3. The PM2.5 concentration in food and beverage outlets was the highest (71.68 ± 12.27) μg / m3, followed by the residential places [(52.98 ± 16.36) μg / m3] and the lowest (41.68 ± 10.98 μg / m3). Further analysis showed that: (1) Indoor PM2.5 concentrations (84.34 ± 13.46) μg / m3 were significantly higher in restaurants and public places (66.77 ± 14.47 μg / m3, P < 0.05). (2) PM2.5 concentration in public places was significantly higher than that of non-haze pollution (49.65 ± 15.86 μg / m3, 89.12 ± 16.58 μg / m3, ) Indoor PM2.5 concentrations (66.45 ± 14.87 μg / m3) in central air-conditioned public places were significantly higher than those in public places with central air-conditioning (40.46 ± 15.49 μg / m3, P <0.05); (4) Public transport near public transport (51.67 ± 15.46) μg / m3 in indoor public places was significantly higher than that in public places away from public transport (36.28 ± 9.85) μg / m3 (P <0.05). Conclusion In 2014, indoor PM2.5 pollution was more serious in public places in Guangzhou, and combustion of cooking fuel, outdoor air pollution and emission of public traffic exhaust caused the increase of PM2.5 pollution concentration in the indoor environment in the public places in 2014 PM2.5 conducive to the reduction of concentration.