绪言人类在今日的全球环境与资源利用与分配领域所面临的问题与古老传说中的险境如出一辙。希腊神话中的著名英雄俄底修斯克带领同伴穿越一处恐怖的海峡时,在海峡的一侧,一只长着十二只脚、六张嘴的海怪斯库拉时刻等待着袭击他们;而另一侧的巨怪卡律布狄斯在大口大口喝海水,波涛在它嘴边沸腾,它每天将海水吞进身体三次,然后再咆哮着吐出来。而只有闯过卡律布狄斯和斯库拉的关 INTRODUCTION The problems facing humankind in today’s global environment and resource utilization and distribution are exactly the same as in the old legend. When the famous hero of Greek mythology, Oedushchuk, led his companions across a horrifying strait, on the side of the Straits, a sea monster with twelve feet and six beaks waited for attack on them; The other side of the monster Caribethis mouth in the big mouth to drink water, the waves boil in its mouth, it swallowed the water three times a day, and then roared and spit it out. Only through the checkpoints of Caliphate and Sculala