观察是一种有目的、有计划地感知外界事物的实践活动,具有明显的主动性、积极性和探索性。一个有敏锐观察力的人往往能发现事物极不显著而又非常重要的特征。例如,英国的病理学家弗来明,一九二八年开始研究具有强烈毒性的葡萄球菌。弗来明培养细菌的器皿是用泥土封口的。有一次,他发现远离泥土的地方,细菌繁殖得很多,很好;而在接近泥土的地方,葡萄球菌却被溶化了,变成了象露水一样的东西。经过反 Observation is a kind of purposeful and systematic practice of perceiving external things, with obvious initiative, enthusiasm and exploration. A keen observer can often find things that are insignificant but important. For example, Fleming, a British pathologist, began studying highly virulent staphylococci in 1928. Fleming bacterial culture vessel is sealed with soil. Once, he found that far away from the soil, the bacteria multiplied very well, and in close to the soil, Staphylococcus was dissolved into a dew-like thing. After anti