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目的探讨不同剂量X线照射对大鼠卵巢功能的影响。方法将60只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、G0.1组、G1.0组、G10.0组,分别采用0、0.1、1.0、10.0 Gy X线外照射,于照射后1 h、5 d(1个动情周期)、10 d(2个动情周期),分别应用免疫组化SABC法、免疫放射法检测不同剂量X线照射不同时间后Wistar大鼠在不同动物周期中卵巢颗粒细胞Bcl-2蛋白的表达水平及生殖激素雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)的水平;并比较各组上述指标。结果 X线照射后1 h,各组各级卵泡数目及各激素水平比较,P均>0.05。X线照射后5d,与对照组比较,G0.1组各级卵泡数目升高,血清FSH降低、LH及E2升高;G1.0、G10.0组各级卵泡数目减少,血清FSH升高、LH及E2降低(P均<0.05);X线照射后10 d,G10.0组各级卵泡数目减少,血清FSH升高、LH及E2降低(P均<0.05)。与其余组比较,G10.0组X线照射5、10 d各级卵泡数目减少,血清FSH升高,LH及E2降低(P均<0.05)。与同组内照射后1 h比较,照射后5 d,G0.1组各级卵泡数目升高,血清FSH降低、LH及E2升高(P均<0.05),照射后10 d,均恢复至正常水平;G1.0组照射后5 d各级卵泡数目降低,血清FSH升高、LH及E2降低(P均<0.05),照射后10 d恢复至正常水平;G10.0组照射后5、10 d各级卵泡数目均降低,血清FSH升高、LH及E2降低(P均<0.05)。与照射后1 h比较,G0.1组照射后5 d Bcl-2阳性表达率升高,G1.0组照射后5 d降低,G10.0组照射后5、10 d均降低(P均<0.05)。结论低剂量X线照射可一定程度抑制细胞凋亡,避免卵巢损伤;当照射剂量超过一定值(≥1.0 Gy),卵巢功能受损,但损伤是可逆的;当给予超大剂量(10.0 Gy)照射后,卵巢功能严重损伤,甚至出现不可逆性早衰。
Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of X-ray irradiation on ovarian function in rats. Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group, G0.1 group, G1.0 group and G10.0 group. The rats were exposed to 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 Gy X rays respectively for 1 h, 5 (1 estrous cycle) and 10 days (2 estrous cycle). Immunohistochemical SABC method was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 in ovarian granulosa cells of different Wistar rats with different doses of X-ray irradiation. 2 protein levels and reproductive hormones estradiol (E2), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) levels; and compared the above indicators. Results At 1 hour after X-ray irradiation, the number of follicles and the levels of each hormone in each group were all significantly higher than those in control group (P> 0.05). At 5 days after X-ray irradiation, the number of follicles in G0.1 group increased, the serum FSH decreased and LH and E2 increased compared with the control group. The number of follicles in G1.0 and G10.0 groups decreased and FSH increased (P <0.05). At 10 days after X-ray irradiation, the number of follicles at all levels in G10.0 group decreased, serum FSH increased, LH and E2 decreased (all P <0.05). Compared with the other groups, the number of follicles at each stage of G10.0 group decreased on the 5th and 10th day after X-ray irradiation, while serum FSH increased and LH and E2 decreased (all P <0.05). Compared with 1 h after irradiation, 5 days after irradiation, the number of follicles in G0.1 group increased, serum FSH decreased, LH and E2 increased (all P <0.05), and recovered to Normal group. The number of follicles at each stage of G1.0 group decreased, FSH increased, LH and E2 decreased (all P <0.05), and returned to normal level 10 days after irradiation. In G10.0 group, At 10 days, the number of follicles at all levels decreased, FSH increased, LH and E2 decreased (all P <0.05). Compared with 1 hour after irradiation, the positive rate of Bcl-2 in G0.1 group increased 5 d after irradiation, decreased in G1.0 group 5 d after irradiation, and decreased in G10.0 group 5 and 10 d after irradiation (P < 0.05). Conclusion Low dose X-ray irradiation can inhibit apoptosis to a certain extent and avoid ovarian damage. When the dose exceeds a certain value (≥1.0 Gy), ovarian function is impaired, but the injury is reversible. When ultra-large dose (10.0 Gy) irradiation After severe damage to ovarian function, and even irreversible premature aging.