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《资本论》的方法论包括历史唯物论、辩证法和抽象法等方面。本文从历史唯物论出发,说明《资本论》研究对象是资本、资本主义经济制度和资产阶级(政治)经济学的三位一体;从辩证法出发,说明内部矛盾的展开推动了范畴的运动和范畴形式(态)的变化,这种运动和变化形成了《资本论》的理论体系;还说明了《资本论》中范畴的辩证运动表现为从抽象到具体演进的抽象法,以及马克思抽象法的特点。
The methodology of “capitalism” includes historical materialism, dialectics and abstract law. This article starts from the historical materialism, and shows that the object of study of Capital is the trinity of capital, capitalist economic system and bourgeois (political) economics. Starting from dialectics, it shows that the internal contradictions promote the category of movements and categories This kind of movement and change has formed the theoretical system of “capitalism”. It also shows that the dialectical movement of categories in “capitalism” is characterized by the abstract method from abstract to concrete evolution and the characteristic of Marx’s abstract method.