中国早期的现代化自启动之初，便面临着种种困境。一个世纪以来中国的文化人一直怀有沉重的近代史情结——以中国近代“历史失败”为背景的文化自审情结。近代以来中国知识分子面对民族危机积极向西方（包括“西方”的马克思主义）学习，同时审视和批判自己的文化传统。这些行 Since the beginning of its early modernization, China has faced various difficulties. For centuries Chinese cultural people have always cherished a heavy complex of modern history - the complex of cultural autonomy of trials based on the “failure of history” in modern China. Since modern times, Chinese intellectuals have actively studied in the West (including “Western” Marxism) in the face of the national crisis while simultaneously examining and criticizing their own cultural traditions. These lines