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马克思恩格斯对人的本质的理解和认识经历了一个复杂的发展过程,在《德意志意识形态》中,马克思恩格斯站在哲学革命的高度之上对人的本质进行全面分析,具体内容包括:人的本质不再是固有的抽象物而是与社会物质生产相一致的历史生成过程;市民社会中人的历史本质在于分工基础之上的工业和竞争造成人的物役性和偶然性;共产主义社会中人的自由本质在于奴役性分工的消灭以及自主活动的实现。
Marx and Engels’ understanding and cognition of human nature have undergone a complex process of development. In “German Ideology,” Marx and Engels fully analyze human nature from the perspective of philosophical revolution. The concrete contents include: The essence of human history in civil society lies in the fact that the industry and competition based on the division of labor cause people’s materialism and contingency. In communist society The essence of human freedom lies in the elimination of servile division of labor and the realization of autonomous activities.