目的比较儿童单房性骨囊肿的治疗机理及治疗方法。探讨移植自体骨髓治疗方法的优越性。方法 2例单房性骨囊肿位于肱骨近端 ,抽去囊液后注入从髂骨吸取的骨髓。并结合文献予以复习。结果平均用骨髓 3 0 ml左右 ,每个穿刺点骨髓有核细胞为 60 .0×10 9/ L左右 ,未见手术并发症发生。成人骨髓间质干细胞能分化成多种人体组织细胞是该方法治疗的理论基础。囊腔容积的大小、囊腔的个数以及囊腔能否被注满是影响治愈率的因素 ,囊腔小、单房性骨囊肿者治疗效果好。自体骨髓来源广泛、取材便利 ,大大降低了医疗费用 ,减轻了患者的经济负担。结论经皮囊腔内注射移植自体骨髓治疗单房性骨囊肿疗效满意 ,操作方便 ,患者痛苦小 ,治疗费用低 Objective To compare the therapeutic mechanism and treatment of children with unicellular cyst. Explore the advantages of transplanting autologous bone marrow treatment. Methods Two cases of unilateral atrial cysts were located in the proximal humerus. After removal of cyst fluid, bone marrow aspirated from the ilium was injected. Combined with the literature to review. Results The average bone marrow with about 30 ml, each puncture point of bone marrow cells was 60 .0 × 10 9 / L or so, no complications occurred. Adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into a variety of human tissue cells is the theoretical basis for the treatment of this method. The size of the cyst volume, the number of cysts and the cyst can be filled is the factor that affects the cure rate, the cyst is small, single atrial cyst who treatment effect is good. A wide range of self-derived bone marrow, drawing convenient, greatly reducing medical costs and reduce the patient’s financial burden. Conclusion Intraperitoneal injection of autologous bone marrow transplantation autologous bone marrow treatment of unilateral atrial cysts with satisfactory results, easy operation, patients suffering little, low cost of treatment